Part I: Games & Gaming · Slot Machines & Electronic Gaming

Theoretical Hold

Slot Operations

The expected hold percentage for a slot machine as specified by the manufacturer on the PAR sheet, based on the game’s mathematical design. The theoretical hold is the benchmark against which actual performance is measured. If a machine has a theoretical hold of 8%, the casino expects to retain $0.08 of every $1.00 wagered over the long term. Short-term deviations from theoretical hold are expected and statistically normal; however, sustained deviations beyond the confidence interval specified on the PAR sheet may indicate equipment malfunction, unauthorized software modification, or advantage play.

In practice

Gaming regulations typically require that actual hold be tested against theoretical hold over defined periods. If actual hold falls outside the acceptable range, the machine may be required to be taken out of service pending investigation.

One entry from the Casino Industry Glossary — 1,157 terms written for surveillance, compliance and operations professionals rather than for players. Definitions describe industry usage; where a term carries a regulatory meaning, verify against the instrument that governs your jurisdiction.